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Why Democracy Has Left Russia?

Photo source: Reuters

In the contemporary political landscape, Russia has often been characterized as a state where democratic values and principles have been markedly absent. This perspective is built on the evolution of Russia’s political system since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. With a focus on why democracy has seemingly left Russia, it is crucial to understand the underlying factors that have shaped Russia’s political journey. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of a communist era and the birth of a new era of democratic governance. Boris Yeltsin, Russia’s first president, embarked on a series of reforms to transform the country into a democratic state. The 1993 constitution established a semi-presidential system that included the separation of powers, a multiparty political system, and guaranteed human rights. However, this period of democratization faced significant challenges. The country was marred by economic instability, corruption, and political infighting. The transition was anything but smooth, leading to a crisis of confidence in democratic institutions among the Russian populace.

Vladimir Putin’s rise to power in 1999 marked a turning point in Russia’s democratic journey. Under Putin, the Russian state has seen a gradual consolidation of power, with the executive branch amassing significant influence over the legislative and judicial branches. Putin’s administration has been characterized by the curtailment of political freedoms, the suppression of dissent, and the marginalization of independent media. The dominance of the United Russia party, which Putin leads, has stifled political pluralism. This has resulted in a political system that, while maintaining the trappings of a democracy, operates more like an autocracy. Furthermore, Putin’s constitutional amendment in 2020 that resets his term limits, allowing him to potentially stay in power until 2036, has further undermined democratic principles. The amendment was passed through a national referendum, which faced criticism for alleged irregularities and lack of transparency. To understand the absence of democracy in Russia, one must also look at the country’s political culture. A significant portion of the Russian population appears to prioritize stability, order, and a strong leader over democratic ideals. This perspective is rooted in Russia’s historical experience, which includes periods of extreme instability and internal strife. As such, Putin’s strongman image and the promise of stability resonate with many Russians. Russia’s international relations also play a role in its democratic retreat. The West’s push for liberal democracy has often been perceived as a threat to Russia’s sovereignty and national identity. This has led to a rejection of Western-style democracy and has fueled a sense of nationalism that Putin’s government has effectively harnessed. The retreat from democracy in Russia is a complex issue, influenced by historical, cultural, and political factors. While the country adopted a democratic constitution in the post-Soviet era, the realities of political power dynamics, economic instability, and public sentiment have led to a gradual erosion of democratic principles. Today, Russia’s political system is marked more by autocratic tendencies than democratic practices. As the future unfolds, the world watches closely to see if Russia will retrace its steps towards democracy or continue on its current path.

By Roberto Casseli

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