Armenia Joins the ICC: A Shift in Allegiances and the Implications for Russian Relations - thediplomaticaffairs.com

Geneva, Switzerland

Europe International Law February 1, 2024

Armenia Joins the ICC: A Shift in Allegiances and the Implications for Russian Relations

Photo: AFP

Armenia, a nation with a complex geopolitical position nestled between Europe and Asia, has taken a significant step in its international legal commitments by becoming a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This move, confirmed by Armenian legal affairs representative Eghişe Kirakosian, marks a pivotal shift in the country’s approach to international law and has potential ramifications for its relationship with its traditional ally, Russia. The International Criminal Court, established by the Rome Statute in 2002, is the first permanent, treaty-based international criminal court created to help end impunity for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community. These crimes include genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression. By joining the ICC, Armenia has demonstrated a commitment to uphold international justice and human rights standards. The official entry into force of the Rome Statute for Armenia on February 1 signals a willingness to align with global efforts to prosecute the most serious international crimes. Armenia’s decision to join the ICC must be assessed within the context of its foreign policy and regional security dynamics. Traditionally, Armenia has maintained close ties with Russia, relying on its support for security guarantees, particularly in the context of its conflict with Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Russia’s military presence in Armenia and their membership in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) underscore the depth of this strategic alliance.

However, Armenia’s accession to the ICC has been met with stern disapproval from Russia. Moscow has previously criticized the ICC, going as far as formally withdrawing its signature from the Rome Statute in 2016, citing the Court’s supposed inefficiency and one-sidedness. The Russian government has described Armenia’s decision to join the ICC as “unfriendly,” which suggests a level of dissonance in the bilateral relationship. This reaction is particularly understandable in light of the ICC’s ongoing examinations and potential investigations into situations that could implicate Russian interests or nationals.

The implications of Armenia’s decision for its relations with Russia are multifaceted. On one hand, it could be interpreted as Yerevan’s attempt to diversify its foreign policy, possibly seeking closer ties with Western institutions and balancing Russian influence. This move may also reflect a domestic expectation for the rule of law and justice that transcends geopolitical boundaries, potentially appealing to a populace that has witnessed significant political changes and democratic reforms, particularly in the wake of the 2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution.

On the other hand, Armenia’s accession to the ICC could complicate its collaboration with Moscow, especially if the Court’s activities intersect with Russian interests. It remains to be seen how this development will affect military cooperation, economic ties, and diplomatic relations between the two countries. There is also the question of how this decision will impact Armenia’s security calculus, given its reliance on Russian support in regional conflicts.

Armenia’s official status as a state party to the ICC represents a bold step in its international legal posture, demonstrating a commitment to international criminal justice. This move, however, has triggered a negative response from Russia, indicating potential strains in their traditionally close relationship. As Armenia navigates the intricate web of international politics and law, the broader effects of its ICC membership on regional stability, internal politics, and its alliances will continue to unfold.

By Sara Colin

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