Navigating Transatlantic Relations: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Trump and Biden Administrations

The Trump Administration: Unraveling Norms and Challenging Alliances

Donald Trump’s presidency ushered in a period of uncertainty for U.S.-European relations. His “America First” doctrine sought to redefine the United States’ global role, often placing strain on traditional alliances. Trump’s skepticism towards multilateralism and his questioning of NATO’s relevance raised concerns among European allies. Trade disputes, such as tariffs on European goods, further frayed the bond between the United States and Europe. One of the most notable instances of discord was Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement, prompting European leaders to forge ahead with climate initiatives independently. Additionally, the Iran nuclear deal, which enjoyed broad support among European nations, faced uncertainty as the United States unilaterally pulled out, straining transatlantic unity. Despite these challenges, Trump’s administration did highlight certain areas of cooperation. Notably, his pressure on European NATO members to increase defense spending spurred progress towards meeting the alliance’s financial commitments. Furthermore, Trump’s administration actively engaged in dialogue with European leaders on issues such as counterterrorism and cyber security.

The Biden Administration: Rebuilding Bridges and Reaffirming Alliances

Joe Biden’s ascension to the presidency marked a shift towards revitalizing transatlantic relations. His administration sought to repair strained alliances and reaffirm the United States’ commitment to multilateralism. Biden’s emphasis on collective action and the importance of NATO provided much-needed reassurance to European partners. One of the key areas of focus for the Biden administration has been climate change. By rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement, the United States realigned its stance with European nations, setting the stage for collaboration on climate initiatives and environmental sustainability. Another significant aspect of Biden’s approach has been a renewed commitment to international institutions. The United States has reengaged with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Human Rights Council, signaling a return to multilateral diplomacy. This shift has resonated with European partners, who have long advocated for a rules-based international order. While the Biden administration’s approach has been welcomed in Europe, challenges remain. One such challenge is the lingering impact of Trump’s policies and the erosion of trust that occurred during his presidency. Rebuilding this trust will require sustained efforts and tangible action. In addition, contentious issues such as trade, technology, and defense spending continue to test the strength of the transatlantic relationship. Balancing diverse interests and finding common ground will be essential in addressing these issues and fostering cooperation.

Furthermore, the Biden administration has expressed a desire to work closely with European allies on promoting democratic values, human rights, and countering authoritarianism. This shared commitment provides a foundation for joint efforts in addressing global democratic backsliding and promoting inclusive governance. U.S. foreign policy towards Europe has undergone significant shifts during the Trump and Biden administrations. While the Trump era strained transatlantic relations and raised doubts about the United States’ commitment to its traditional allies, the Biden administration has sought to rebuild trust, reaffirm alliances, and embrace multilateralism. The challenges faced by the transatlantic relationship are not to be underestimated. The divergent policy priorities, historical baggage, and evolving global dynamics demand sustained efforts to foster cooperation and address common challenges. However, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for collaboration. By leveraging shared values, collective resources, and a commitment to democratic principles, the United States and Europe can forge a path towards a stronger, more resilient transatlantic relationship. As the world continues to grapple with complex global issues, the importance of a united and cooperative transatlantic partnership cannot be overstated. The future of U.S. foreign policy in relation to Europe will depend on ongoing dialogue, compromise, and a shared vision for a more stable and prosperous world.

By Roberto Casseli